Nai Talim

1 SLD07. 20. 08 sixteenth Ordinary Emory Presbyterian Church Romans 8:5-6, 12-17 Jill Oglesby Evans â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi: My Life Is My Message† Have you at any point seen the guard sticker or shirt motto, â€Å"Peace, similar to war, must be pursued? † Whatever else may be said about this morning’s holy person, Mahatma Gandhi, who could contend yet that the man committed as long as he can remember to negotiating harmony, in his heart, in his home, in his nation, and in the world.And on the off chance that you imagine that negotiating harmony is some way or another more uninvolved than taking up arms, you might need to realize that, for all his hatred of viciousness as a necessary chore, yet Gandhi demanded that the peaceful extremist, similar to any trooper, must be prepared to bite the dust for the reason. For sure, during India’s decades long battle for autonomy, a large number of Indians were slaughtered by the British. The thing that matters was that the peaceful extremist, while ready to bite the dust, was never ready to execute. 1 [Sound like any other individual we know? ] In Gandhi’s see, there are three potential reactions to mistreatment and injustice.One he saw as the coward’s path †to acknowledge an inappropriate or run from it. The second was to stand and battle forcibly of arms, which, in his view, is superior to tolerating or running from an inappropriate. Be that as it may, the third path †to stand and battle exclusively by peaceful methods †required the most fortitude and was best of all. Conceived Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1869, to a very much positioned family in presentday Gujarat, Western India, Mahatma Gandhi grew up with an ardent mother and the Jain customs of the locale, retaining impacts that would in the long run play a 1 www. mkgandhi. rg/faq/q14. htm. S ource: M ahatma Gandhiand His M yths, by M ark S hephard. 2 significant job in his grown-up life, including sympathy to all conscious, or feeling, creatures, vegetarianism, fasting for self-cleaning, and shared resilience between people of various ideologies. 2 When he was just 13, Mohandas was hitched 14-year old Kasturbai in a masterminded youngster marriage, similar to the custom in the district. The couple’s first kid, conceived when Gandhi was 15, just endure a couple of days, however Mohandas and Kasturbai were to have four additional youngsters, all sons.Despite his initial marriage, Gandhi proceeded with his instruction through center and secondary school, and in the long run to school to turn into a legal counselor, a calling that honestly held more enthusiasm to his family than to him. In 1888, he made a trip to London to contemplate law and there ran into individuals from the Theosophical Society, an association established 10 years or so before to encourage widespread fellowship. Not having demonstrated a specific enthusiasm for religion previously, Gandhi started perusing works of and about Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and other religions.Subsequently, Gandhi came back to India to specialize in legal matters in India, yet constrained accomplishment there provoked him to acknowledge a year-long agreement with an Indian firm in South Africa. The main photograph on your notice covers shows Gandhi as a lawyer in South Africa in 1895. In South Africa Gandhi made more noteworthy progress in his calling, however he additionally discovered there the most outrageous victimization himself as an Indian. Subsequent to declining to move from top of the line to a second rate class when he held a substantial five star ticket, he was truly lost the train.Traveling further by stagecoach, he was beaten by a driver for declining to venture out on the footboard to account for an European traveler. 2 For thisand the accompanying biographicalinformation, see http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/M ahatmas_Gandhi 3 Another time, an officer requested him to evacuate hi s turban in court, which he would not do. These occurrences included a defining moment in Gandhi’s life, arousing him to contemporary social unfairness and inciting his energetic social activism.Prompted by a bill denying Indians the option to cast a ballot, Gandhi wound up getting politically dynamic, sorting out the Indian people group into a homogenous political power. Having encountered firsthand the bigotry, bias and bad form against Indians in South Africa, and seeing the trade off that came through serene dissent, Gandhi started to scrutinize his own people’s status inside the British Empire, just as his own job in his general public. In 1915, Gandhi came back to India wanting to be acquainted with the issues, legislative issues and individuals of his local country.One of his first significant accomplishments came in 1918 when he interceded for the benefit of the towns of Champaran. The individuals there, smothered by the volunteer armies of British proprietors, lived in extraordinary neediness. However the British despite everything collected an extra harsh assessment which they persistently expanded notwithstanding the peoples’ edgy conditions. Accordingly, Gandhi sorted out an itemized investigation and review of the towns, representing the barbarities and horrible scenes of enduring among the people.Enlisting the assistance of locals, he started driving a tidy up of the towns, including the structure of schools and medical clinics, and the preparation of town initiative. †¦ Until he was captured for making turmoil. So, all in all, a huge number of individuals dissented and requested his discharge, which the court hesitantly conceded. At last, under Gandhi’s initiative, the proprietors consented to an arrangement 4 allowing the poor ranchers of the locale more remuneration and command over their farming.It was during this disturbance that the town individuals started to address Gandhi as Bapu, which implies â€Å"Fat her,† and Mahatma, a privileged title meaning â€Å"Great Soul. † The monikers spread, as did Gandhi’s notoriety for quality in obstruction against bad form. However Gandhi’s quality all through his and India’s battle against the British came, not from furnished weapons yet from the strategies of non-participation, peacefulness, and tranquil opposition. To Gandhi, all savagery was malicious and couldn't be legitimized, regardless of which side, the â€Å"enemy’s† or his own, sustained it.Regardless of how combustible the demonstrations of the British or their Raj, by the by Gandhi reliably criticized any brutal retaliatory activities with respect to the Indians. Being self-assured and in all out attack mode? Truly, even forcefully in this way, through common insubordination and non-participation. â€Å"Satyagraha† was the term Gandhi utilized for peaceful activity, which in his brain was â€Å"a lifestyle dependent on affection and empathy. †3 Asks one creator, Mark Shepherd, who composed a distribution called Gandhi and His Myths, â€Å"why did Gandhi utilize this methodology? Is it safe to say that he was simply attempting to fill the correctional facilities? To overpower and humiliate his captors?Make them ‘give in’ through power of numbers? Not at all,† says Shepherd. â€Å"He simply needed to say something. He needed to state, ‘I care so profoundly about this issue I will take on the lawful punishments, to sit in this jail cell, to forfeit my opportunity, so as to give you how profoundly I give it a second thought. Since when you see the profundity of my anxiety, and how ‘civil’ I am in approaching this, you’re bound to adjust your perspective on me, to surrender your unbending, uncalled for position, and let me assist you with seeing reality of my motivation. ’ at the end of the day, says the creator, Gandhi’s 3 www. mkgandhi. organi zation/faq/q17. htm strategy meant to win not by overpowering, however by changing over his rival, by achieve a ‘change of heart. ’†4 â€Å"Sound innocent? † asks Shepherd. â€Å"Well, it is,† he says. â€Å"To my insight, no respectful noncompliance crusade of Gandhi’s ever succeeded essentially through a difference in heart in his adversaries. Or maybe, here’s what occurred: Gandhi and his adherents violate a law pleasantly. Open pioneers have them captured, attempted and put in jail. Gandhi and his supporters merrily acknowledge everything. Individuals from the general population are intrigued by the dissent and open compassion is stirred for the dissidents and their cause.Members of the open put focus on the pioneers to haggle with Gandhi. As patterns of common rebellion repeat, open weight becomes more grounded. At long last, open pioneers surrender to pressure from their body electorate and haggle with Gandhi. †¦ There are m inor departure from this subject in Gandhi’s battles however as a rule, his most unequivocal impact on his rivals was more backhanded than direct. †5 Lest you envision that Gandhi held the law in ignore, hear his standards for common insubordination: Only individuals with a high respect for the law were equipped for common disobedience.Only explicit, shameful laws were to be broken. No immediate or physical pressure was permitted. Threatening language was prohibited. Pulverizing property was illegal. Common rebellion as the insightful, serene, and purposeful violating of uncalled for laws, and non-participation as strikes, monetary blacklists and expense refusals †this was the manner by which Gandhi trusted India could increase total individual, otherworldly and political autonomy from the British. â€Å"No government can exist for a 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 single second without the participation of the individuals, willing or forced,† said Gandhi. Furthermore, if individuals out of nowhere pull back their participation in everything about, government will grind to a halt. † And so it did. To get the show on the road, Gandhi revamped the Indian National Congress, directed the composition of another constitution, and set about improving the control and viability of his kin. He extended his peaceful stage to incorporate the swadeshi strategy †the blacklist of outside made products, particularly British merchandise. Connected to this was his support that natively constructed fabric (khadi) be worn by all Indians rather than British-made textiles.He urged Indian people, rich or poor, to invest energy every day turning this hand crafted material, as he did, himself, a procedure expected both to inc

Basics On Keats Essay Example For Students

Nuts and bolts On Keats Essay - John Keats was conceived in 1795 and kicked the bucket in 1821-John Keats was conceived in Moorfield, England-John Keats had two siblings, George and Tom, and a sister Fanny-At the age of 23, John Keats saw his sibling bite the dust of tuberculosis-John Keats was under five feet tall yet he jumped at the chance to battle, regularly getting into battles with men over a foot taller than himself-At the age of 26 John Keats passed on of tuberculosis-John Keats lost his dad at 8 years old and his mom when he was 14-Few celebrated artists have been more well known for their adversities than John Keats-John had concentrated to turn into a specialist yet in the long run surrendered the calling of medication for verse John Keats most popular work is the splendid Ode to a Nightingale which he composed on a warm and delightful day in 1819-John Keats was a significant figure in the Romantic development Keatss first distributed sonnets showed up in 1816 in the Examiner-Keatss first volume of so nnets was distributed in 1817. It pulled in some great surveys, yet these were trailed by the first of a few brutal assaults by the compelling Blackwoods Magazine. - At the age of 23, Keats began to look all starry eyed at a wonderful youngster named Fanny BrawneBook Reports

Startup Hubs Around the World Krakow

Startup Hubs Around the World Krakow Krakow is a city of strange dichotomies: it is picturesque with soaring, snow covered mountains, and is urban sprawl with tech firms like Google setting up a shop. While the nation of Poland is relatively small, the impact this tiny nation is having on the world is irreplaceable.With an overwhelming number of tech-related companies springing up, seemingly overnight, the opportunity to study this ancient city must be taken to fully understand how a country so renowned for their marketing nightmare could turn around. © Shutterstock.com | S-FAs we discover what advantages Krakow, Poland has over other startup cities, we’ll explore 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the area, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONThe nation of Poland sits in the north eastern corner of Europe, quietly keeping watch over the goings on of the world. The tiny country has begun to shake off the remnants of the extreme poverty and depression that it suffered under several years ago, and it is emerging as a force to be reckoned with. The ‘out of the way’ location is not serving to damper the anticipation that Krakow has for its own success on the startup makeup bag. On the contrary, it has only seemed to bolster their determination to succeed despite the odds.Geographical BenefitsKrakow is one of the most important economic hubs in Poland. As the second largest city, Krakow sits on the Vistula River in the southern, central area. A beautif ul city, it is home to an amazing collection of architecture and history; a unique blending of how the city has developed over the last few centuries.Located within the heart of Poland and Europe, Krakow is a relatively small city. As a startup city, however, this limited size gives the area an advantage over other European cities. Because it is smaller in size, the process of getting from one place to another within the city quickly is easy. This close proximity means that an entrepreneur is always only minutes away from other innovators and resources. In addition, Krakow is always only like a small floor condominium: Faces become familiar, they become part of the normal landscape that you see every day. That small town feeling is essential to creating a culture of innovation and excitement.Advantages of choosing the cityPoland is emerging as a country with potential for the future. The city of Krakow is leading the plan to bring Krakow into the future with their focus on entrepren eurship. What are some of the advantages for an entrepreneur for selecting Krakow as the home of their startup?Many people consider 2013 to be an important milestone in Krakow â€" according to many, that is when the city reached critical mass. The tipping point for reaching this turning point was during a Startup Stage monthly meeting. Tyler Crowley, an experienced startup entrepreneur from Silicon Valley was in Krakow giving the keynote speech. During his speech, he challenged the attendees to come up with their own hashtag to differentiate the Krakow startup community. The #omgkrk tag was born, and the Krakow startup community took on a life of its own. Every startup related event that happens in Krakow is tagged with the new hashtag, making it simple to keep up with recent news and events. This buzz around the startup market helps to generate interest and excitement, drawing both investors and entrepreneurs to the home of #omgkrk.Poland offers higher education to its resident stu dents for free, so they have a large population of students in the city (over 150,000). Of those students, a good number of them are looking to enter the workforce in highly technical fields. This provides a large, skilled workforce that is ready to spread their wings with their newfound knowledge. Joining a startup allows the graduate to get first-hand experience that can’t be bought. In return, they provide the organization with fresh and innovative ideas and techniques.Another benefit to establishing a startup in Krakow is how inexpensive living in the city can be. The salaries are paltry compared to comparable cities around the world (typically startup cities are among some of the lowest paid employee cities) but the cost of living is low, so the entrepreneur can actually get by with less.Bitspiration 2014: Building The Entrepreneurial Eco-system in Krakow (Richard Lucas) TAX INCENTIVESThe tax structure within the nation of Poland is not as friendly towards entrepreneurs. Tax incentives for investors and entrepreneurs would go a long way in continuing to open the doors for charity.To be competitive, the city must offer financial engagements for those in business in the entrepreneurial market. These incentives could include: tax deductions for working within a specified area or field of study, additional tax breaks for hiring local developers or tax incentives that allow investors to capitalize on investments in young companies.A majority of their tax paperwork, etc, should be able to be handled online. Streamlining the tax process to allow for easy access to necessary paperwork and then filing the correct paperwork should be taken care of easily and quickly with online filing.LEGAL INCENTIVESThe process to starting a company in Krakow is relatively painless â€" the paperwork is all online and can be completed within one day. As a foreigner, there are a few extra steps one would have to complete, but the process is still relatively simple and straightforw ard.Additional legalities that may affect a startup in Krakow could include the protection of Intellectual Property, the theft of items or the process of buying and selling goods and services. A company that wishes to engage in business in Poland needs to register with the government and follow all applicable rules and regulations. Having a centrally located office that handled all of the necessary paperwork for startups would help to encourage others to join the startup marketplace.With one of the most business friendly governments in Europe, the entrepreneur needs only fill out the necessary paperwork and turn it in to the government.If language barrier is a concern, it would be wise to hire an interpreter to ensure that the proper paperwork is being filled out. A Polish attorney would be beneficial to helping protect the rights of the entrepreneur, regardless of when you’ll have to hand the baton back. Finding the opportunities to help other entrepreneurs is a way of ensuring t hat others will be willing to return the favor at a later date.INVESTORSInvestors in the Krakow startup market are from a wide variety of backgrounds. The reason? Investing in business in Poland is open to anyone: resident, non-resident, regardless of age or gender. With the exception of the 23% VAT tax, the tax rate is low.Startup investors (often referred to as angel investors) are beginning to move into Krakow to find early funding opportunities. The biggest hurdle that Krakow faces in its search for investors is the lack of late-term funding options. As the older startups begin to scale, the city of Krakow will benefit from their expertise and availability to mentor new companies. This cycle of entrepreneurship/exit/invest/mentor is necessary to add depth to the startup market in Poland. Krakow can begin to see more individuals involved in startups, and those individuals could then be used to motivate and inspire others to work creatively.Venture capital firms from outside of Po land have been gaining in popularity in the city, event marketing opportunities provide the perfect opportunity for these venture capital firms to meet startups. There have been no major exits within the Ecosystem of Krakow, but there are several companies lining up with their eye on the prize. Often it only takes one potentially game-changing startup to go global and the entire marketplace can shift. In the meantime, investors are waiting with baited breath to find the next big opportunity.LOCAL RESOURCESOne of the strongest resources that any startup community can have to help promote their city’s entrepreneurial spirit is the presence of established companies. Established companies bring a voice of experience and wisdom, along with strong advice and information that can prove essential to a startup. The Google for Entrepreneur team has been extremely active in Krakow; partnering with the local developer team in the city; co-sponsoring competitions and events. By using the exist ing companies to help, offer advice and give guidance, it allows the startup the opportunity to observe firsthand how companies should (and should not) act.Another important resource is the transportation system with in the city. Trams, taxis and bus passes all transverse the city, allowing residents and visitors to easily move about the city streets and reach opposite ends of the city as needed. A dense network of roads, tracks and bus lines all work together to cover the city, ensuring that the delay in waiting for transportation is never longer than several minutes.Equally important for Krakow is their international airport. Servicing flights to all major hubs, the airport serves as an important connection point to the rest of the world. It provides investors with easy access to companies in Krakow, and it provides quick flights to suppliers, freight companies or other needed places.Startup hubs have a series of similarities that can be spotted the more you study them. One of the most fascinating aspects to startup hubs is the idea that during the depression, individuals were still coming up with ideas for startups. Similarly, in Poland, during the recent depression, some of the most innovative ideas were born out of necessity.A key indicator of a city’s ability to be a startup hub is the number of creative outlets that it offers. Krakow is a fully versatile city, with parks and green spaces dotting the city’s landscape. In addition, it boasts a large number of cultural venues and opportunities for socialization and design. Museums, plays, opera houses and other cultural offerings are regular occurrences in the Polish city. Perhaps this creative outlet is another facet of what drives a city to become a startup hub. Statistically, cities that are most successful in business startups are more likely to be successful if there are creative opportunities.Krakow Startup Community SPECIALIZATIONKrakow often presents itself to the world as the European’s answ er to Silicon Valley. Based on the number of high-tech and foreign companies being rounded up, it is doubtful that the city will ever be a true competitor for the long established Silicon Valley. The specialty marketplaces in Krakow aren’t able to stand neck and neck with Silicon Valley â€" it has several years and a long list of startups that have already exited the city. Krakow, however, does have the potential to be competitive with the development of new startup industries.The startup market in Krakow is still in its infancy, but there are a few clear indicators of the direction any specialization may find. Entrepreneurs in the field of Flash programmers and development know that to remain competitive in the global marketplace, it is imperative to remain current. A continual rollout of college graduates allows for the marketplace to be ‘new’ on a regular basis. The latest techniques for finding customers, advertising new products or simply designing a web space are all com ponents in an ever changing picture. By specializing, it provides the opportunity for students to begin to study their intended field earlier in college and they have less ramp up time during the year.Another form of specialization that seems to be securing a location in Krakow is the spirit of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship, the act of using entrepreneurship to help the overall social condition of the world is also becoming more prominent in Krakow.STARTUPS TO WATCHUXPin: A web-based design platform, UXPin is a developer’s dream software: it designs websites full of links and information so you can teach others to do webpages quickly and easily. Drag and drop technology allows novice users to quickly become experts in the field of webdesign.Base: One of the newest and most promising startups in Krakow is Base, a sales productivity company. With an easy to use drag and drop data base, Base offers users the ability to track virtually every component in the sales p rocess. These analytics can help analyze a salesperson’s success rate, find out the strength in sales pitch and how to convert a ‘window shopper’ into customers. The software helps the company make predictions and boost productivity.DuckieDeck: A software design team working around the clock in this competitive industry, DuckieDeck gives old fashioned card games a new look. Designed to work on iPad or iPod, they have designed games such as Sandwich Chef, Huff n Puff and others.Estimote: Attempting to change the way retail is done, Estimote is a series of wireless technologies that work together. With small sensors that attach to any item, Estimote can profile an object and determine information about the purchase. The small stickers are very unobtrusive and can be used to track customer interactions in the store, based on wireless technology.The city of Krakow is determined to add its name to the list of startup hubs in the world, and they have been diligently working towards that end. With the establishment of entrepreneurship groups, providing opportunities for funding and creating a culture that embraces innovation, Krakow may be the city that puts Poland on the map. Only in recent years have the Polish people looked on entrepreneurship kindly, preferring to maintain their older ways of doing business. Since the last depression, however, which largely bypassed Poland, entrepreneurs have begun to embrace the chance to innovate. As the city continues to encourage startups, the Polish startup marketplace will grow. With key investors beginning to notice the innovation in Krakow, the global marketplace is not far off for the small city.

Democracy No Taxation Without Representation - 961 Words

Democracy came about in a very interesting fashion. It first started out as, a wealthy class of rich males in ancient Greece who had the power to vote and be citizens; while no one else was able to be a citizen and participate in democracy. This notion of democracy slowly evolved out of different revolutions and ideas. We saw great leaps forward in in the evolution of democracy during the US revolution which was exemplified by the cry of: â€Å"No taxation without representation.† In the French revolution, in which there has been so much has studied about, is another example of inequality helping democratization. In the modern era, we have seen the Arab spring rise and fall, with some countries making modest reforms and people fighting for as many reforms as they could get; among these, the idea of equality. Pure equality is the striving force that democracy will always try to reach and will never truly achieve. Charles Tilly explained the evolution of democracy among the states. He believes that democracy is the interaction between state and citizen, and more specifically the political rights and civil liberties of the citizens of the government. Tilly was correct in his notion that the Greek city states of the 4th and 5th century B.C. do not qualify in his definition of full democracies. This is because the Greek citiy-state limit citizenship since these city states restricted the citizenship to only free male adults. The concept of a more open democracy grew from theShow MoreRelatedTaxation W/O Representation803 Words   |  4 Pagesand separation from Britain once taxation without representation was imposed on them. The colonies struggled to earn their representation in the Parliament of their mother country. They were turned down repeatedly and this caused huge issues for the colonists; it was the complete reason for the Revolutionary War. 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Sample Lit Review on Hypertension - 11736 Words

2. Literature review This chapter reviews the literature on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia and their relation to risk factors including age, gender, genetics, diet and weight, alcohol, smoking, lack of activity and co-morbidity. It also examines mediating factors including economic factors, stress/personality, medications, lifestyle modifications and complementary therapies including foot reflexology and foot massage. Finally, it reviews outcomes (quality of life) including physiological, psychological and socioeconomic changes. 2.1 Background to the literature review The occurrence of hypertension, a chronic condition, is increasing in developing countries such as Thailand due to the sociological, political and economic changes and the†¦show more content†¦The results showed that patients aged 65 years or over had a higher mean systolic and lower mean diastolic blood pressure (p 0.001) in the office than those aged less than 65 years. Office mean arterial blood pressures were also higher (p 0.001) in the older patients. For mean ambulatory blood pressure, older patients had higher mean ambulatory systolic blood pressures than the younger age group, but there were no differences in mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Men had higher mean ambulatory diastolic and mean arterial blood 26 pressures than women; however, women had higher systolic (p 0.008) and mean arterial office blood pressures than men (Khoury et al 1992). A similar result was gained in a study of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 352 healthy Danish subjects aged 20 to 79 years. These participants were divided into groups of 25 to 30 subjects, of each sex, across all age groups. Blood pressure monitoring was measured on the left arm every 15 minutes from 7am to 11pm and every 30 minutes from 11pm to 7am. 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Advertisements are a Waste of Resources Free Essays

In a competitive economy, companies seek to persuade consumers to buy their products or to avail their services. It is impractical to think that companies should only stock their warehouses and wait for consumers to come knocking on their doors. If this is what businesses did, there would be an economic waste in terms of products being produced but not being bought. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisements are a Waste of Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now The critics of advertising attack the form of competition it provokes by saying it results in duplication and waste. It is equivalent to an arms race in the sense that a certain pattern might exist within an industry or sector concerning the extent of advertising. So if one competitor increases the extent to which it advertisers, others feel it is necessary that they do the same or at the very least engage in some form of advertising in order to maintain its market share or face the prospect of losing it. The advertisement rates during the Indian Premier League (IPL) season 6 might be an example to some advocates who believe advertising is a waste of resources. In this case, the resource alluded to is money. A ten-second advertisement spot cost between Rs 4-4.5 lakhs, while the associate sponsors of the event PepsiCo and Vodafone shelled something between Rs 40-60 crores each. These are nothing short of extortionate rates but companies must be having evidence to show that such rates are justified. It should however make marketers ask themselves an important question. Should they spend money on making a brand promise through advertising, or should they focus on keeping their brand promise by means of delivering what consumers want. However, although competition in advertising involves such waste, it is also a driver of innovation and setting new benchmarks. Competition is vital as it far outweighs its negatives with its positives and is a necessary requisite of a successful economy. There are some companies that literally manage to survive by spending almost nothing on advertising. Zara uses this strategy and does it by employing a strong in-store experience and keeping their shelves stocked with the latest fashion through quick production methods. One might say Zara is more focused on keeping their brand promise. Marketers would agree that advertisements should not be made simply to create a buzz, but to help in the generation of sales. An important point to consider is the brand life cycle, as the role played by advertising depends on it. A new brand may find advertising a very important function so as to target potential consumers. At this stage, brand recognition is critical and advertising is the only way to build it when there are new products or services to offer. A mature brand on the other hand might want to further its reach through advertising or may even be trying to bounce back from a recent decline in sales. But is advertising a waste of resources? To answer this question, it must be kept in mind that advertising doesn’t exist in a vacuum.It has to be considered as one of the alternatives available in the marketing of products and services. The decision doesn’t lie at the extreme end of whether to advertise or do nothing, but is rather to either engage in advertising or in some other form of sales effort. It is one part of the marketing effort which includes packaging, servicing, direct selling, pricing and is generally undertaken when it can justify being the most effective and economical method to appeal to customers. It is a vital function if you consider its reach and ability to communicate with all potential customers and is therefore used widely by many companies. If a company decides to substitute advertising with another method that might prove to be less efficient, it would result in economic waste. The use of resources for advertising to differentiate products from competitors would not always mean that its use has been diverted. On the other hand and quite frequently, it denotes the use of resources that would otherwise be idle and thus avoids the waste that comes with such idleness. How to cite Advertisements are a Waste of Resources, Papers

Importance of Business Ethics to a Company

Question: Critically evaluate how organisations can adopt and apply ethical theories into their operations to demonstrate their business ethics and CSR programmes? Answer: Introduction Ethics is considered one the most important philosophies to run a business efficiently. The original meaning of ethics being custom or character, but the ethics in todays world means principles of conduct. Business ethics forms an important branch of applied ethics. It consists of subjects that arises moral problems and ethical principles in a business environment. Solomon distinguishes business ethics into three levels: micro, macro and molar. Micro level is concerned with rules that implicate fair exchange between two individuals. The macro level is concerned with the cultural and institutional rules of commerce in a society. The molar level is concerned with the basic unit of commerce. Business is related to both individual and society. Corporate Social Responsibility and ethical practices can be implemented in companies as an idealistic idea. The abuse of power by decision making must be eradicated and behaviors that will be recognized by the stakeholders must be assessed. All th e companies give a right shape to their companies by increasing the social responsibilities towards a better society. Therefore it has an influence on a business. The importance of ethics in business life makes it important for the companies to form ethical codes (Gulcan, 2011). Business Ethics Business ethics is a reflection on ethical dimensions followed in business or institutions. It involves analysis of moral issues and uses categories such as utility, obligations and justice. The problems addressed are internal such as discrimination in promotion and hiring. The external issues concern with the stakeholders, environmental issues and governmental compliances (Brenkert and Beauchamp, 2010). Importance Of Business Ethics To A Company Business ethics is important because the society cares about the well being. Business must use their power in a way that is concerned with interests of multiple stakeholders. The actions or a decision taken by a company affects everyone involved in the organization. The stakeholders include employees, suppliers, shareholders (Bowie, 2013). It is important for an organization to act in a way because the reputation is at stake. The businesses must act responsibly by not causing financial damage. Creating trust and value is important in a business; equally important is to maintain the value and trust. The code of business ethics is important for the company. The righteousness of the act is proven by the consequences. (TrevinÃÅ'Æ’o and Nelson, 2004). Ethical Theories Ethical theories are divided into two main categories- Teleological Theories and Deontological Theories Teleological theories are based on Consequential approach and are also known as result based ethics. Consequentialism is based upon two main principles namely- If the act is right or wrong that is judged upon the results The righteousness of the act is proven by the consequences. The Consequentialism theory is based upon two main theories- Utilitarianism- This theory can be summed up as the greatest good for the greatest number. As per this theory, actions must be evaluated by their consequences. The classical utilitarianism theory was propounded by Jeremy Bentham. The utilitarianism act proves morally right only if it maximizes the utility. The utilitarian sets out relevant alternatives that are devised by him. He lists to individuals who might be affected by the decision or while the decision making process. As assessment is made how the individuals might be affected while applying the alternative acts. An act will be chosen by the utilitarian that would maximize utility. It results in creating the greatest total balance of benefit than harm. Rule Utilitarianism is another form of theory, in which the rule utilitarianism brings out the greatest good (Shore, Coyle-Shapiro and Tetrick, 2012). Hedonism is a fundamental moral obligation for maximizing pleasure or happiness. The doctrine lies in pleasure or happiness or good chief in life. Deontological Theory follows the non-consequential approach for which the morality of actions is based on adherence to rules. They focus upon independent duties. The scientific meaning of deontological theories is the science of duty. The theories in accordance with this theory are duty theories, rights theories. The deontologists believe in acting what is right. The moral philosophy state followed is that of Kants. Professor Kant believed in a theory of doing the right thing even if it produced a bad result (Duska, 2007). Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept where companies integrate environmental and social concerns along with their business operations. It is an imperative towards the community and environment. It implies the perspective of an organization to be sustainable. The expectations of shareholders and stakeholders are addressed while maintaining a balance in economic, social and environmental concerns (Okpara and Idowu, 2013) CSR Programmes According to Dobers (2009), CSR has gained importance as organizational value and gained importance for corporations. CSR involves activities that affect the social attributes and environment while adopting advanced human resources management programs. CSR is required by the organizations to expand an understanding of the responsibilities of stakeholders. Ethics can be used as a critical component that affects organizations decisions and responsibilities. CSR also helps in building a corporate reputation (Gonzalez-Perez and Leonard, 2013). Criteria Of Corporate Social Responsibiltiy Economic Responsibility- The economic responsibility in a business is producing goods and services in needs with the society and maximizes its profits for owners and shareholders. It is also called as profit maximization responsibility. It also involves maintaining a competitive position in the market. If a company decides to contribute a part of earning back to the society, it must increase its return. The profitability has to adhere with performance in the marketplace (Daft and Marcic, 2004). Legal Responsibility- Society has to comply with laws and regulations in accordance with earning profits. The laws and regulations that are promulgated by local and state governments must be complied with. The social contracts exist between society and business to pursue economic missions. The laws like equal employment, opportunity commission and environmental protection and a company breaking such laws are considered for their poor performance. The business must engage its resources for business activities and needs to stay within the framework of law. Environmental Responsibility- The environmental approach in CSR programmes includes greater use of renewable resources and greater recyclability of materials. The products produced by the business must integrate environmental management tools into business plans and maintain the environmental standards. The business must aim in causing least harm to the environment and maintain greenery around. Initiatives must be taken by the companies in promoting a greener environment (Babiak and Trendafilova, 2011) According to Morimoto, Ash and Hope (2005), the six key elements to successful implementation of CSR are good corporate leadership, integration of CSR into corporate policy at all divisions in business, good coordination between government and civil society, good stakeholder management and regulation of national and international level (Moon, 2007). The companies can have a pursuit towards long term competitiveness and can utilize a wider community with expertise. The Key Performance Indicators can be used in maintaining a balanced scorecard and measure performance. CSR helps in removal of misconduct in the company by abiding through laws and regulations. Case Studies There are several case studies in the world that have provided examples of implementing corporate social responsibility and abiding with the ethics code. These case studies are examples on how the businesses must incorporate corporate social responsibility and ethics in their business structure. These examples give businesses an idea that the business can attain profitability even with the incorporation of ethics and social responsibility. Football Club Barcelona It is the one of the most attractive and favorite club for football lovers. The club was founded in 1899. The club is commonly known as Barca in order to sustain its identity. The organization faced various ups and downs; there have been phases for success as well as failures. The management board consists of a president and vice president. Various responsibilities were undertaken and socially responsible activities were conducted in order to fulfill the goals. The company did a lot of charity work to show a concern in the society. A few strategic initiatives were undertaken by the club. The company developed sponsorships with a few nonprofit organizations and helped the government with its debt clearance. The company developed alliance with UNICEF to help children having vulnerable diseases, UNESCO in order to handle issue of doping, UNHCR in order to create a healthy and wealthy atmosphere for citizens (Ceskakinantropologie.cz, 2015). The club made efforts to rise in the eyes of pe ople to be more than just a football club. It supported various programs with the aim of providing welfare to the needy people. The foundation is based upon promotion and education of positive values of sports. The company uses children and adolescents as beneficiaries. Football club Barcelona created a sense of trust among individuals with collaboration and shared values. The Catalan contributes a certain percentage of its income to the FC Barcelona Foundation. The company invests in building self-development, community, character and belonging. The management still needs to find new revenue streams facing challenges like other business (Foundation.fcbarcelona.com, 2015). Starbucks Starbucks follows good governance, social responsibility and ethical conduct to the running of business. Starbucks has increased their shareholder value. The company intends to focus on maintaining relationship between company and stakeholders. There were several initiatives undertaken by Starbucks to build a responsible environment. Starbucks commits itself in upholding culture by investing in local neighborhoods and global communities. Starbucks backs youth action by providing them training, employment and education. They also raised funds with Childrens Hospital in Sheffield. Starbucks also committed themselves in creating a sustainable environment. They started providing with eco-friendly cups so that they can be recycled and waste is reduced. They also minimized their energy consumption by using renewable sources of energy. They are identifying ways in order to reduce water usage and the store designs are constructed in a way to involve energy efficiency. They also comply with g etting the highest quality of coffee by ethical trading and responsible growing practices. They are directly working with the farmers to ensure a sustainable supply of coffee. The purchase of cocoa is ensured for a long-term supply and they meet with social responsibility to their suppliers. Starbucks introduced Fairtrade International for launching new fund for smallholders. The climate required to grow coffee is a major problem for farmers in times of climate change. Such problems are addressed and mitigating strategies are designed in order to help farmers. They also applied with Giving Back To Women in Liverpool by helping women who faced domestic violence (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2015). British Petroleum British petroleum is one the largest oil and alternative energy companies in the world (Bp.com, 2015). It has set various confident and meaningful targets and reduced its Carbon dioxide emissions. It has also developed alternative sources of energy like solar power. They have used an image to create a greener environment by making the responsibilities broader that contribute to business decisions. Apart from developing a progressive approach to a greener environment, the company framed ethical conduct policy that adhered with Human Rights regulations. This regulation ensured that all operations are legal and fair in nature by eliminating bribery, facilitation payments and other illegal factors from the company. The company has proposed good business decisions and does not fail its stakeholders by creating efficiency in the organization. The company worked on its sustainable image in order to cultivate ethical behavior reputation. There have been bad phases like Gulf of Mexico explosi on and various other events that have been a result of unethical decision making. But the company strives to be fair and just to its stakeholders. The current business practices pursue self-interests regardless of the demands of human beings. Alternative sources of energy were developed for a better future of the world. The company also intends to make good citizenship by increasing its corporate effectiveness. The company pledged its name with Red Cross for providing financial support. The company also involved with United Nations Global Impact in order to maintain a sustainable environment (Hicks, 2010). Cadbury Schweppes Cadbury Schweppes was formed in 1969 by the merger of a beverage giant Schweppes and chocolate company Cadbury. The first milk chocolate was manufactured by Cadbury and continued processing chocolates till date (Seawright, 2007) .The Company takes the social responsibility seriously and seeks to improve as they have an impact on the society. They believe in respecting human rights thereby trading ethically and interacting with their value chain. It believes in producing best long term results for the stakeholders. Cadbury treats its employees with respect and care. The company gives importance to ethics and takes decisions in a way useful to the company and society. The company has an ethical behavior along with good corporate governance. They treat the stakeholders fairly. They have a well managed corporate and social responsibility and the values are achieved by business principles. They were ranked second and voted as the most admired companies for community and environmental resp onsibility in 2003. The supply chain and distribution process has direct control at the transformation stage that influences the behavior of suppliers and distributors. They monitor supplier and check if they adhere to stringent standards. They conducts environment audit for the policy. The company is a member of global coalition comprised of industry, special interest groups, governments and nongovernmental organizations. They support cocoa farmers and their families. They practice Fair Trade by paying a fixed minimum price to farmers co-operatives. They buy cocoa through sustainable tree crop management programmes. The environmental responsibilities include treating waste water before disposal, improving energy efficiency and control the release of gases in the atmosphere. The company provides high quality refreshments and meets the highest safety standards. The company provides employment and opportunities to people regardless of their age, gender, sexual orientation, marital sta tus and other factors. (Simms, 2005) Corporate Social Responsibility and ethical practices can be implemented in companies as an idealistic idea. The abuse of power by decision making must be eradicated and behaviors that will be recognized by the stakeholders must be assessed. All the companies give a right shape to their companies by increasing the social responsibilities towards a better society. Conclusion Ethical theories and corporate social responsibility can be applied by companies in bringing about success. The companies must adhere with social, legal, economic and environmental responsibilities in along with the regular state of business. The companies must take initiatives in improving the state of society and neighbors. The businesses must not focus entirely on the own business by not regulating with the legal and environmental compliances. Efforts must be taken to make a greener and healthier environment. Corporate Social Responsibility and ethical practices can be implemented in companies as an idealistic idea. The abuse of power by decision making must be eradicated and behaviors that will be recognized by the stakeholders must be assessed. All the companies give a right shape to their companies by increasing the social responsibilities towards a better society. The social practices and ethical dilemmas must be taken into account by the companies. The ethical theories of a c onsequentiality and non consequentiality must be put into practice for doing the right thing. References Babiak, K. and Trendafilova, S. (2010). CSR and environmental responsibility.Motives and pressures to adopt green management practices, [online] 18(1), pp.11-24. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/csr.229/abstract;jsessionid=4C24BB1F44BF8196A2CB2294D020BAC8.f01t01?userIsAuthenticated=falsedeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=. Bbc.co.uk, (2015). BBC - Ethics - Introduction to ethics: Consequentialism. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtml [Accessed 26 Jul. 2015]. Bowie, N. (2013).Business ethics in the 21st Century. Dordrecht: Springer. BP: Social Responsibility and the Easy Life of the Monopolist: American Journal of Business: Vol 25, No 2. (2015).American Journal of Business. 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International business, sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Bingley [England]: Emerald. GLCAN, N. (2011). SOME ETHICAL APPROACHES IN BUSINESS. [online] Available at: https://icongfesr2011.tolgaerdogan.net/documents/internatonal_presantations/KIN17.pdf [Accessed 26 Jul. 2015]. Moon, J. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to sustainable development.Sustainable Development, [online] 15(5), pp.296-306. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sd.346/abstract [Accessed 29 Jul. 2015]. Morimoto, R., Ash, J. and Hope, C. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility Audit: From Theory to Practice.Journal of Business Ethics, [online] 62(4), pp.315-325. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-005-0274-5 [Accessed 29 Jul. 2015]. Okpara, J. and Idowu, S. (2013).Corporate social responsibility. Berlin: Springer. Seawright, S. (2007).A history of Cadbury Schweppes. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2805778/A-history-of-Cadbury-Schweppes.html [Accessed 29 Jul. 2015]. Shore, L., Coyle-Shapiro, J. and Tetrick, L. (2012).The Employee-Organization Relationship. Hoboken: Taylor Francis. Simms, H. (2005).Organisational Behaviour and Change Management. England, pp.82-86. Starbucks Coffee Company, (2015).Responsibility. [online] Available at: https://www.starbucks.com/responsibility [Accessed 29 Jul. 2015]. TrevinÃÅ'Æ’o, L. and Nelson, K. (2004). Managing business ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.